Merchant Cash Advance Companies UK (2026): Providers, Funding Options and How to Choose
Information checked: 12 October 2026
Merchant cash advance companies in the UK provide working capital to eligible businesses using future card sales or other qualifying revenue to support repayments. These companies serve restaurants, takeaways, convenience stores, pubs, retailers, cafés, salons and online businesses that need funding for stock, equipment, repairs or short-term operating costs.
Some of the established names in the UK market include 365 Finance, Liberis and YouLend. Merchant cash advances are also available through payment platforms such as PayPal, Shopify, Stripe, Square, SumUp and Worldpay.
However, these companies do not all operate the same way. Some provide the financing directly, others distribute funding from third-party providers, and independent commercial finance brokers help businesses identify potential funding options.
Understanding those differences can help a business avoid applying to unsuitable companies, compare the true cost of funding and choose an appropriate repayment structure.
This guide explains which merchant cash advance companies operate in the UK, how their funding arrangements work, what eligibility conditions apply and what to check before signing an agreement.
Merchant Cash Advance Companies UK: Key Takeaways
- Established specialist providers: 365 Finance, Liberis and YouLend offer sales-linked commercial funding.
- Payment-platform funding: PayPal, Shopify, Stripe, Square, SumUp and other platforms offer cash advances to eligible customers.
- Underlying providers: Liberis and YouLend also fund products distributed through other brands.
- Typical repayment method: A pre-agreed percentage of qualifying future sales, sometimes with additional minimum-payment requirements.
- Pricing: Commonly one fixed funding charge rather than conventional interest calculated over a fixed loan term.
- Eligibility: Providers assess trading history, sales, business bank statements, credit information and existing obligations.
- Important consideration: Compare total repayment, collection percentage and operating cash flow—not simply the funding amount offered.
What Are Merchant Cash Advance Companies?
A merchant cash advance (MCA) company provides or arranges upfront working capital in exchange for an agreed amount collected from future commercial sales.
The traditional structure involves a business receiving an advance and agreeing that a percentage of eligible card receipts will be collected until the contractual repayment amount has been satisfied.
For example, a retailer may receive £20,000 to purchase inventory and agree to remit 10% of eligible card takings.
When card revenue increases, collections generally increase. When qualifying sales decrease, collections may decrease.
That structure differs from a conventional business loan requiring scheduled instalments.
However, the exact agreement matters. Certain MCA products have minimum repayment requirements, specified repayment periods or other contractual obligations.
The British Business Bank identifies merchant cash advances as a short-term financing option for businesses receiving substantial debit and credit card payments.
Types of Merchant Cash Advance Companies in the UK
There are four common ways a UK business may encounter MCA financing.
1. Specialist Merchant Cash Advance Providers
These companies underwrite and provide merchant cash advances or related revenue-based funding products.
Examples include:
- 365 Finance
- Liberis
- YouLend
Some accept merchant enquiries through their own websites, while also distributing financing through commercial partners.
These companies may assess revenue, affordability, credit history and other factors directly.
2. Embedded Finance Providers
Embedded finance places a funding offer inside a business platform a merchant already uses.
For example, a Shopify retailer may find an eligible financing offer in its Shopify administration dashboard.
The customer interacts with Shopify, but YouLend provides the underlying UK financing.
This arrangement can reduce the amount of information a business needs to submit separately because the platform already holds relevant sales data.
3. Card Payment Companies
Some payment-processing businesses offer MCA financing to qualifying existing customers.
Examples include PayPal, Square, SumUp and Worldpay.
A significant consideration is whether the provider requires the business to continue processing eligible sales through its system.
Switching card processors during an active advance may affect contractual obligations.
4. Independent Commercial Finance Brokers
Commercial finance brokers generally do not advance their own funds. They introduce eligible applicants to independent funding providers.
A broker may help a business understand different financing structures, prepare financial information and identify potentially suitable funding sources.
However, not every broker has access to every MCA provider, and some brokers work with a limited panel.
Before proceeding, establish whether the company is a direct provider, broker, referral intermediary or payment-platform distributor.
Merchant Cash Advance Companies Operating in the UK
The following companies and programmes publicly identify merchant cash advances or closely related sales-linked commercial financing products.
They are presented by business model rather than ranked from best to worst. Funding costs and acceptance criteria are usually personalised.
1. 365 Finance
Website: 365finance.co.uk
365 Finance is a specialist UK merchant cash advance and revenue-based finance company serving eligible small and medium-sized businesses.
Its offering is designed around businesses with established debit and credit card transactions.
Published funding criteria and features:
- Funding between £10,000 and £500,000.
- Minimum six months of trading.
- At least £10,000 in monthly card sales.
- Automatic repayments from eligible card transactions.
- A published typical collection percentage of 5% to 15%.
- No conventional fixed monthly loan instalments.
365 Finance indicates that its advances commonly settle over approximately six to ten months, although the actual period depends on trading and agreement terms.
The company may be relevant to restaurants, pubs, convenience stores, retailers and other businesses with substantial card turnover.
What to check: The amount of card revenue that qualifies for underwriting, the actual fixed charge and the proportion of sales the business must remit.
2. Liberis
Website: liberis.com
Liberis provides revenue-based finance to businesses and also operates embedded financing programmes through commercial partners.
Its financing can appear under the Liberis brand or within another platform's business funding offering.
Published funding features:
- Personalised business funding offers between £1,000 and £1 million.
- One fixed funding fee.
- Repayments based on an agreed percentage of sales.
- Direct and partner-distributed funding.
- Eligibility and pricing based on the business's circumstances.
Liberis states that a minimum monthly collection requirement of up to 3% of purchased receivables may apply under its terms.
This is significant because sales-linked collections do not always mean that a business has no minimum payment obligation.
Liberis is also associated with funding programmes through Worldpay, Dojo and Deliveroo.
What to check: Whether the advance is offered directly or through a partner, the minimum monthly collection conditions and any personal guarantee.
3. YouLend
Website: youlend.com
YouLend is an embedded finance provider offering sales-linked funding to eligible businesses.
It supplies financing through several platforms, including Shopify Capital and Stripe Capital in the UK.
Published funding features:
- The UK merchant-facing website advertises funding of up to £2 million.
- Fixed funding charge.
- Collections based on an agreed percentage of future daily sales.
- Direct merchant enquiries and partner-distributed financing.
- Offers based on sales and underwriting information.
Its technology is particularly relevant to online retailers and businesses with established digital transaction records.
The maximum advertised funding amount should not be treated as a typical approval. The actual offer depends on eligibility, financial performance and the product or distribution channel.
What to check: The total contractual amount, which sales channels are included in collections and whether the business is applying through a partner programme.
4. PayPal Working Capital
Website: PayPal Working Capital UK
PayPal Working Capital offers merchant cash advances to eligible UK businesses with established PayPal sales.
Published minimum eligibility conditions include:
- A PayPal Business account at least 90 days old.
- At least £9,000 in eligible annual PayPal sales.
- A UK-registered business.
- Existing Working Capital advances generally settled unless the business has been invited to renew early.
PayPal collects an agreed percentage of eligible PayPal sales, and the funding carries a fixed fee.
However, the programme requires a minimum amount to be repaid every 90 days.
What to check: The minimum repayment obligation and whether sufficient revenue is processed through PayPal rather than other payment methods.
5. Shopify Capital
Website: Shopify Capital UK
Shopify Capital provides merchant cash advances to eligible businesses operating Shopify stores in the United Kingdom.
UK advances are provided through YouLend.
Eligible merchants may review available offers within their Shopify administration dashboard.
Funding is collected using a specified percentage of Shopify sales until the agreed total has been remitted.
Shopify states that its UK MCA product has no fixed deadline for remitting the entire contractual amount.
What to check: How Shopify defines the gross daily sales used for collections, the actual fixed charge and whether early settlement changes the total payable.
Shopify Capital is particularly relevant to e-commerce businesses purchasing stock or funding near-term trading requirements.
6. Stripe Capital
Website: Stripe Capital UK
Stripe Capital offers eligible UK businesses access to financing through the Stripe platform.
YouLend is the underlying finance provider for the UK programme.
Stripe uses payment-processing information and other criteria when identifying qualifying businesses.
The programme offers a fixed fee with repayments collected as a percentage of daily sales.
What to check: Whether the business has an eligible offer, what type of financing agreement is being provided and whether additional repayment conditions apply.
This may be a relevant option for businesses processing significant online or recurring payments through Stripe.
7. Square Cash Advance
Website: Square Cash Advance UK
Square Cash Advance is a sales-linked funding product for qualifying UK Square customers.
Square states that eligible applicants generally include sole traders and partnerships with an established Square payment-processing history.
Published eligibility indicators include approximately £10,000 in card payments over the previous twelve months and transactions on at least twenty separate days.
Important restriction: Square's UK Cash Advance product is restricted to eligible sole traders and partnerships, not limited companies.
Square also offers different business-financing products, which should not be confused with its merchant cash advance.
What to check: Business structure eligibility, whether Square has issued an offer and how collections affect cash available after card-processing costs.
8. SumUp Cash Advance
Website: SumUp Cash Advance UK
SumUp Cash Advance offers funding to eligible existing SumUp merchants.
The programme operates through personalised offers rather than an unrestricted application process.
SumUp states that approved advances carry a fixed fee and are repaid through an agreed percentage of future card sales.
An important difference: SumUp requires a minimum monthly repayment within an agreed repayment period.
Therefore, businesses should not assume that an absence of card sales automatically removes every payment obligation.
What to check: Minimum monthly collections, the maximum repayment period, the fixed fee and the terms for early settlement.
9. Worldpay Business Finance
Website: Worldpay Business Cash Advance
Worldpay provides access to merchant cash advances funded by Liberis.
The programme is designed for eligible businesses using Worldpay's card-processing services.
Worldpay advertises funding from £1,000 to £300,000 and identifies minimum card-processing requirements, including at least ten monthly transactions totalling more than £1,000.
The exact funding amount and terms depend on a separate assessment.
Worldpay also identifies circumstances in which Liberis requires a personal guarantee from limited companies or limited liability partnerships.
What to check: The legal funding provider, required guarantee, total financing cost and obligations if the business changes payment processors.
10. Dojo Flex Funds
Website: Dojo Flex Funds
Dojo Flex Funds provides sales-linked funding through Liberis.
Unlike a conventional single merchant cash advance, its current programme is designed around a reusable funding balance.
Collections replenish available capacity, subject to the agreement.
Dojo publishes eligibility criteria that include at least four months of trading and £1,000 in monthly card revenue.
What to check: Whether the business needs a single advance or recurring access to working capital, and how fees apply to individual drawdowns.
Dojo Flex Funds should be evaluated as a revolving sales-linked financing arrangement, rather than assumed to be identical to a traditional MCA.
11. Teya Cash Advance
Website: Teya Cash Advance
Teya offers eligible payment-processing customers access to sales-based business funding.
The company identifies funding partners including Liberis, YouLend and iwoca, although individual partners may provide different products and legal structures.
Teya's cash advance offering generally involves a fixed funding fee and collections connected to eligible card takings.
What to check: The actual finance provider, whether the offer is a merchant cash advance or another financing product, minimum payment obligations and guarantee requirements.
12. Deliveroo Capital
Website: Deliveroo Capital
Deliveroo Capital launched in February 2026 in partnership with Liberis.
The programme gives eligible UK restaurant and hospitality businesses access to merchant cash advances through the Deliveroo platform.
Financing may be used for business expenses such as equipment, refurbishment and working capital, subject to its conditions.
What to check: Eligibility, the sales used for calculating collections, the total funding fee and any obligations outside deductions from sales.
The programme is particularly relevant to restaurants and takeaway operators with established Deliveroo trading activity.
Why Different UK MCA Companies May Use the Same Funding Provider
A business comparing three merchant cash advance companies may discover that two of the companies rely on the same underlying funder.
For example:
- Shopify Capital UK uses YouLend.
- Stripe Capital UK uses YouLend.
- Worldpay Business Finance uses Liberis.
- Dojo Flex Funds uses Liberis.
- Deliveroo Capital uses Liberis.
These brands may still have different eligibility requirements, products and application processes.
However, five funding programmes do not necessarily represent five independent credit or receivables purchasers.
This matters because a business seeking genuinely different financing offers should understand who is making each underwriting decision.
Before submitting an application, ask:
- Which legal entity is providing the funding?
- Is the company a direct provider or an intermediary?
- Has this provider already reviewed my business through another platform?
- Will the application involve a credit search?
- Are there any brokerage or referral charges?
- Does the provider require a particular card processor?
Knowing the underlying finance company can make the comparison process more efficient.
Direct Merchant Cash Advance Companies vs Brokers
Applying directly to a specialist provider and using an independent broker are both possible routes to commercial finance.
Neither is automatically better.
Applying Directly
A direct application may be suitable when a business already knows which provider it wants to approach.
Potential advantages include communicating directly with the finance company, understanding its specific underwriting requirements and reviewing an offer without an additional intermediary.
However, a direct provider typically evaluates the application against its own funding criteria.
A decline does not necessarily mean the business is ineligible for every alternative financing structure.
Using an Independent Broker
A commercial finance broker may help businesses assess potential providers and consider alternatives to an MCA.
This can be useful when:
- The business has a complicated credit history.
- Previous funding applications have been declined.
- Card revenue represents only part of total turnover.
- The business has existing finance agreements.
- The owner is uncertain whether an MCA is appropriate.
- The funding requirement could be structured as a business loan, equipment finance or another facility.
A broker's value depends on its actual provider relationships, understanding of the business and transparency about fees.
Ask how the broker is compensated and whether the options presented come from a limited panel.
How to Verify a Merchant Cash Advance Company in the UK
Before supplying bank statements or signing a financing agreement, verify that the company is legitimate and that its contractual terms are clear.
1. Check Companies House
Use the official Companies House register to review available company information.
Depending on the company, records may include:
- Registered legal name and company number.
- Registered office.
- Incorporation date.
- Directors and officers.
- Filing history.
- Relevant insolvency information.
Remember that a Companies House registration is not proof of financial regulatory authorisation or an endorsement of the company's products.
2. Check Applicable FCA Permissions
Use the FCA Firm Checker and Financial Services Register when an activity may be regulated.
Many genuine commercial merchant cash advances are structured as purchases of future receivables rather than conventional regulated loans.
That means an MCA provider may not require FCA authorisation for the specific receivables-finance activity it undertakes.
However, the legal position depends on the agreement and activities involved.
Where a firm claims to be FCA-authorised, verify the precise entity and relevant permissions rather than relying on a logo displayed on its website.
3. Identify the Legal Funding Entity
The trading brand advertised to the customer may differ from the legal company purchasing the receivables.
Ask for the legal entity name and confirm who will be responsible for collecting repayments.
4. Read Independent Reviews Carefully
Customer reviews can help identify recurring experiences involving service, communication or collection practices.
However, reviews alone cannot establish whether an advance is affordable or competitively priced.
Also distinguish reviews of a payment platform's general services from reviews of its financing product.
5. Review the Actual Funding Contract
Before accepting an offer, confirm the cash received, total amount payable, sales collection percentage, minimum payments, security provisions and consequences of default.
Do not rely exclusively on marketing descriptions.
How Much Do UK Merchant Cash Advance Companies Charge?
Many merchant cash advance companies use a fixed funding fee.
Some express that charge through a factor rate, which determines the contractual total repayment.
Illustrative Merchant Cash Advance Example
Suppose a UK restaurant needs £20,000 to replace kitchen equipment and prepare for a busy trading period.
For illustration, assume the following terms:
- Cash advance: £20,000.
- Factor rate: 1.25.
- Total amount to repay: £25,000.
- Fixed funding charge: £5,000.
- Collection percentage: 12% of eligible card sales.
If the restaurant generates £30,000 in eligible card sales during a month, approximately £3,600 would be collected.
That leaves £26,400 of those card receipts before other business expenses, processing fees, supplier payments, wages, tax and rent.
At a constant collection rate and sales level, the £25,000 would be collected in approximately seven months.
Actual sales will vary, and the provider may impose additional contractual conditions.
These numbers are hypothetical, not current market quotations.
Why a Fixed Fee Is Not the Same as an Interest Rate
The £5,000 charge is equivalent to 25% of the original £20,000 advance.
However, 25% is not the annual percentage rate.
The annualised financing cost depends on the amount and timing of each collection, fees and net funds received.
A short repayment period can make the annualised cost substantially higher than the headline percentage suggests.
Compare merchant cash advance offers using the total pound cost and expected cash flows rather than treating a factor rate as an interest rate.
What Qualifications Do Merchant Cash Advance Companies Require?
Each company applies its own eligibility standards, but the following information is commonly relevant.
Business Trading History
Providers usually need evidence of actual trading activity.
Some accept businesses with relatively short trading histories, while others require longer operating records.
Monthly Card Revenue
Card turnover is a major consideration because repayments are frequently collected directly from eligible card receipts.
Businesses with little qualifying card revenue may not be suitable for a traditional MCA.
Business Bank Statements
Providers may request recent business bank statements to assess deposits, expenses, liquidity, existing debt and account conduct.
Card Processing Statements
Merchant processing statements help establish transaction volume, refund activity, settlement consistency and the payment channels used.
Credit History
MCA companies may consider current sales performance alongside credit information.
A previous credit issue or bank decline does not necessarily prevent funding, but it can affect eligibility and pricing.
Existing Business Finance
Outstanding advances, loans, arrears or other payment obligations influence the amount of cash available to service new financing.
If existing payments already consume much of a business's operating cash flow, another advance may be inappropriate.
Which Businesses Are Suitable for Merchant Cash Advances?
Merchant cash advances generally suit businesses that receive meaningful card payments and have a specific short-term funding requirement.
Restaurants and Takeaways
Common requirements include kitchen equipment replacement, refurbishment, stock and operational cash flow.
Convenience Stores and Off-Licences
Funding may be used for inventory, refrigeration equipment, repairs or seasonal trading needs.
Pubs, Bars and Nightclubs
Businesses with substantial card sales may find sales-linked collections relevant, although seasonal trading and profitability require careful assessment.
E-Commerce Businesses
Eligible online sellers may access funding through Shopify Capital, Stripe Capital or other platform arrangements.
Payment processor and marketplace compatibility matter.
Cafés, Bakeries and Coffee Shops
Businesses may need capital for essential equipment, inventory or short-term operating costs.
Beauty Salons and Barbers
Businesses processing regular card payments may qualify for certain small-business cash advance programmes.
Auto Repair and MOT Businesses
Auto repair businesses may consider an MCA where card transactions support repayment. However, equipment financing or a business loan may be better suited to major equipment purchases.
The best funding product depends on the use of funds, cash flow and available terms—not simply the sector.
Seven Warning Signs When Comparing MCA Companies
Before signing with a merchant cash advance company, pay attention to the following issues.
- Unclear total repayment: The provider will not clearly disclose the complete contractual amount.
- Unexplained fees: The quoted funding amount differs from the net funds received without a proper explanation.
- Guaranteed approval claims: The company promises financing regardless of financial circumstances.
- Unclear legal entity: The broker, platform and underlying provider are not clearly identified.
- Excessive collection pressure: The proposed sales deductions leave insufficient cash for ordinary operating expenses.
- Undisclosed guarantees: Personal liability or security provisions are not adequately explained.
- Pressure to sign immediately: The business is discouraged from reviewing the contract or comparing other options.
A legitimate application should allow the business to understand what it is agreeing to and assess whether the financing is sustainable.
When Should a Business Avoid a Merchant Cash Advance?
An MCA may not be appropriate where the business is already experiencing persistent operating losses or has little cash available after normal expenses.
Other situations requiring caution include:
- Using new finance primarily to repay existing advances.
- Significant unpaid tax or supplier obligations.
- Materially declining sales without a credible recovery plan.
- Very narrow profit margins.
- Financing long-term investments through aggressive short-term collections.
- Multiple existing daily or weekly finance payments.
For longer-term equipment purchases, an equipment loan or lease may better match the economic life of the asset.
For businesses invoicing other companies, invoice finance may be more relevant.
The financing structure should fit the commercial purpose rather than forcing the business into a product simply because an offer is available.
How to Apply Through a UK Merchant Cash Advance Company
Step 1: Determine the Actual Funding Requirement
Identify the amount needed, why it is required and when the expenditure is expected to generate a benefit.
Step 2: Review Sales and Existing Obligations
Calculate average card receipts, ordinary operating costs and the amounts already committed to other finance providers.
Step 3: Choose a Suitable Application Route
Determine whether to approach a specialist funding company, review an existing payment-platform offer or seek assistance from an independent commercial finance broker.
Step 4: Prepare the Required Information
Common documents may include:
- Recent business bank statements.
- Merchant processing or card settlement reports.
- Company information.
- Owner or director information.
- Details of existing business finance.
- Additional records requested during underwriting.
Do not send sensitive financial or identity records through an unsecured general enquiry form. Request the appropriate submission method.
Step 5: Compare Written Offers
Review the amount received, total repayment, collection percentage, minimum payments, guarantees and contractual obligations.
Step 6: Complete Underwriting and Contract Review
The funding provider may request additional information before issuing final terms.
No approval or funding date should be assumed until the relevant provider has completed its review.
Frequently Asked Questions About Merchant Cash Advance Companies UK
What companies offer merchant cash advances in the UK?
Established specialist companies include 365 Finance, Liberis and YouLend. Merchant cash advances are also offered through eligible payment-platform programmes, including PayPal Working Capital, Shopify Capital, Stripe Capital, Square Cash Advance, SumUp Cash Advance and Worldpay Business Finance.
Are merchant cash advance companies banks?
Generally, no. Specialist MCA providers commonly offer receivables-based commercial financing rather than conventional bank loans. The precise legal structure varies by agreement.
What is the difference between an MCA lender and a broker?
A direct provider issues or funds the agreement, while a broker introduces businesses to independent finance providers. Payment platforms can also distribute MCA products supplied by third parties.
Can a UK limited company obtain a merchant cash advance?
Yes, subject to the relevant provider's conditions. However, not all MCA programmes accept the same business structures. Square Cash Advance's UK product, for example, is restricted to eligible sole traders and partnerships.
Can a new business apply to MCA companies?
Some providers consider businesses with relatively short trading histories, but sufficient eligible sales evidence is generally important. A completely new business without trading revenue may have limited MCA options.
Do merchant cash advance companies accept bad credit?
Some consider businesses with adverse credit or previous bank declines. However, underwriting still takes account of sales, financial obligations and overall risk. Approval is not guaranteed.
How much can UK merchant cash advance companies provide?
Published ranges vary significantly. For example, 365 Finance advertises £10,000–£500,000, while Liberis publishes personalised funding offers from £1,000 to £1 million. Maximums are not representative of every applicant's eligibility.
Can I apply to more than one MCA company?
Businesses may compare several potential providers, but should disclose existing financing and understand whether applications are being assessed by the same underlying company. Also establish whether a proposed application involves credit checks.
Do MCA companies require collateral?
Some merchant cash advances do not require property or equipment collateral. However, an unsecured product may still include personal guarantees or other contractual provisions.
What happens if my card sales decrease?
Collections may decrease where repayments are genuinely linked to eligible sales. However, some products have minimum payment obligations or other contractual requirements. Check the agreement carefully.
Are UK merchant cash advance companies FCA-regulated?
The answer depends on the company and financing activity. Commercial purchases of future receivables may fall outside conventional regulated lending, but the position cannot be determined from the product name alone.
Which merchant cash advance company is the cheapest in the UK?
There is no reliable universal answer because most companies personalise funding charges and repayment terms. Compare actual offers for the same advance amount and expected sales profile.
Choosing a Merchant Cash Advance Company in the UK
There are several established routes to merchant cash advance funding in the UK, including specialist financing companies, payment-platform programmes and commercial finance brokers.
The most appropriate route depends on the business's trading history, payment processor, existing obligations and actual funding purpose.
Businesses with established card sales can begin by examining direct providers such as 365 Finance, Liberis and YouLend. Those already using PayPal, Shopify, Stripe, Square or another payment service should also investigate any eligible account-based offers.
Before signing an agreement, understand exactly who provides the money, what the business will repay and how collections affect operating cash flow.
A suitable financing arrangement should solve a defined funding requirement without creating an unsustainable burden on future trading revenue.
Discuss Your UK Business Funding Requirements
Exploring merchant cash advance companies but unsure which financing structure may be appropriate?
Mehmi Financial Group is a Canada-based independent commercial financing brokerage that considers enquiries from eligible businesses in the United Kingdom, subject to local requirements and provider availability.
Our team can review the nature of your funding enquiry and explain the next steps where an appropriate financing or referral arrangement is available.
Discuss Your Business Funding Requirements
Include your business type, UK location, estimated monthly turnover, requested funding amount and intended use of funds.
Mehmi Financial Group is not a direct lender and does not claim to represent or maintain partnerships with every company mentioned in this article. Funding is provided by independent third parties, subject to eligibility, applicable local requirements and final approval. Mehmi Financial Group may receive commissions or referral fees.
